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README.md

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+# ATtiny 13 WS2812B-LED Fire-Effect Garden Lamp
+This is how you can build a Garden Lamp based on an ATtiny13 and some WS2812B (Neopixel) LEDs.
+The LEDs are Simulating a nice-looking Fire-Effect. This effect is generated using a random number generator.
+It also features a LDR Light-Sensor to turn on the Lamp in the Darkness automatically.
+In the code you can set a time after which the lamp automatically turns off, even if it is still dark. 
+
+
+
+# Software
+The software is based on several different code snippets. You can find links to them in the Sources-Tab.
+There are a view different configuration options (like on-time, color, ...), which can be done in the `config.h` file. They are well described in this file. 
+
+### Features
+1. Fire-Effect turns on when LDR-value gets under `on_val` as defined
+2. Second state is entered after the timeout `max_on_time` is reached. The LEDs light in the color, defined as `timeout_...`.
+3. If it gets light again the LEDs light in the color, defined as `day_...`. If you want it to be off, set all values to 0.
+
+## Program the ATtiny
+### 1. Upload `ArduinoISP` sketch to the Arduino
+   You can find it in the Examples folder of the Arduino-IDE
+
+### 2. wiring
+   I use a Arduino Nano to program the ATtiny, but also a Arduino UNO will do fine. Hook up the ATtiny like it is shown in the schematic:
+   <img src="pictures/Program_ATtiny_Steckplatine.png" width="50%">
+   The capacitor is important because it prevents the Arduino from resetting itself while programming the ATtiny.
+
+### 3. Download ATtiny13 support for the IDE
+   Add the URL `http://drazzy.com/package_drazzy.com_index.json` to the Additional Boards Manager URLs in the IDE Preferences. After that open the Boards-Manager, search for "DIY Attiny" and install it. Now you should find the Attiny13 and some other Attiny Boards in the Board menu.
+
+### 4. Uploading
+  Open the code in the Arduino IDE and select the Attiny13 as the Board.
+  Select the following settings:
+  <img src="pictures/ide_settings.png" width="40%">
+  
+  These settings are important:
+  - Processor-Speed to 9.6 Mhz
+  - Millis, Tone Support to "No Millis, No Tone"
+   
+   **After that Press `Burn Bootloader` to make sure that these Settings are applied.**
+
+   Now you can upload the code by simply pressing **Upload**.
+
+
+
+# Hardware
+## Schematic
+<img src="pictures/ATtiny_WS2812_garden_lamp_Schaltplan.png" width="80%">
+
+## PCB Layout
+<img src="pictures/ATtiny_WS2812_garden_lamp_Leiterplatte.png" width="40%">
+
+## ATtiny-Pinout
+<img src="pictures/attiny-pinout.png" width="40%">
+<br>(Source: https://cdn.sparkfun.com/assets/f/8/f/d/9/52713d5b757b7fc0658b4567.png)
+
+
+
+# Sources / Useful Links
+You can find more detailed information here:
+- Arduino ISP: https://www.instructables.com/Updated-Guide-on-How-to-Program-an-Attiny13-or-13a/
+- Light sensor: https://www.elec-cafe.com/attiny85-light-sensor-switch/
+- Timer Interrupt:    https://arduinodiy.wordpress.com/2015/06/22/flashing-an-led-with-attiny13/
+- WS2812B Lib:  
+  - https://blog.podkalicki.com/attiny13-controlling-leds-ws2811ws2812/
+  - https://www.instructables.com/Updated-Guide-on-How-to-Program-an-Attiny13-or-13a/
+- Random number gernerator lib:   
+  - https://blog.podkalicki.com/attiny13-pseudo-random-numbers/
+  - https://github.com/lpodkalicki/blog/tree/master/avr/attiny13/009_lightweigth_prng_based_on_lfsr
+- Fire Effect:
+  - https://codebender.cc/sketch:271084#Neopixel%20Flames.ino
+  - WS2812FX-Lib, "Fire-Flicker" Effect: https://github.com/kitesurfer1404/WS2812FX
+
+<br>
+
+### I hope you like this project!
+
+<br>
+<p xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" class="license-text">This work by <span property="cc:attributionName">Dustin Brunner</span> is licensed under <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">CC BY 4.0<img style="height:15px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;" src="https://mirrors.creativecommons.org/presskit/icons/cc.svg?ref=chooser-v1" /><img style="height:15px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;" src="https://mirrors.creativecommons.org/presskit/icons/by.svg?ref=chooser-v1" /></a></p>
+
+<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons Lizenzvertrag" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />Dieses Werk von <span xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" property="cc:attributionName">Dustin Brunner</span> ist lizenziert unter einer <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International Lizenz</a>.

code/code.ino

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+/*
+   ATtiny 13 WS2812B-LED Fire-Effect Garden Lamp
+   Author: dustinbrun
+           licensed under CC BY 4.0
+
+   Version 03.2021
+
+
+   Make sure to Set in the Board Settings:
+        Processor-Speed to 9.6 Mhz
+        Millis, Tone Support to "No Millis, No Tone"
+   After that Press "Burn Bootloader" to make sure that these Settings are applied
+
+
+   ----------------------------- !!!! Configuration can be done in the "config.h file !!!! -----------------------------------------
+
+*/
+
+#include "light_ws2812.c"
+#include "light_ws2812.h"
+#include "random_avr.h"
+#include "random_avr.c"
+#include "config.h"
+
+
+bool on = true;
+bool was_on = true;
+volatile unsigned long counter = 0;// interrupt needs volatile variable
+
+struct pix
+{
+  uint8_t g;
+  uint8_t r;
+  uint8_t b;
+};
+pix pixel[PIXEL_NUM];
+
+
+ISR(TIMER0_OVF_vect) {
+  /*
+     Timer Configuration:
+     Prescaler 1024, CPU-Speed 9,6MHz = 9600000 Hz
+
+     Interrupt is called with a Frequency of: 9600000Hz/1024/256 = 36,6Hz
+     so every --> 0,027s <---
+
+  */
+  counter++;
+}
+
+
+void setup()
+{
+
+  random_init(0xabcd); // initialize 16 bit seed
+  pinMode(LDR_pin, INPUT);
+  pinMode(2, OUTPUT);
+
+  //Interrupt Setup
+  cli();  // Clear interrupts, just to make sure
+  TCCR0B |= (1 << CS02) | (1 << CS00); // set prescale timer to 1/1024th, set CS02 and CS00 bit in TCCR0B
+  TIMSK0 |= 1 << TOIE0; // enable timer overflow interrupt, left shift 1 to TOIE0 and OR with TIMSK
+  sei(); //start timer
+
+}
+
+void loop()
+{
+
+  if (analogRead(LDR_pin) < on_val && !was_on)
+  {
+    on = true;
+    was_on = true;
+    counter = 0;
+  }
+
+  if (analogRead(LDR_pin) > off_val && was_on)
+  {
+    on = false;
+    was_on = false;
+    counter = 0;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < PIXEL_NUM; i++)
+    {
+      pixel[i].r = day_red;
+      pixel[i].g = day_green;
+      pixel[i].b = day_blue;
+    }
+    ws2812_setleds((struct cRGB *)pixel, PIXEL_NUM);
+  }
+
+  if (counter > max_on_time && on)
+  {
+    on = false;
+    counter = 0;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < PIXEL_NUM; i++)
+    {
+      pixel[i].r = timeout_red;
+      pixel[i].g = timeout_green;
+      pixel[i].b = timeout_blue;
+    }
+    ws2812_setleds((struct cRGB *)pixel, PIXEL_NUM);
+  }
+
+
+  if (on)
+  {
+
+    //  Flicker, based on our initial RGB values
+    int flicker = random_avr() % indensity;
+    int f_red = red - flicker;
+    int f_green = green - flicker;
+    int f_blue = blue - flicker;
+    if (f_red < 0) f_red = 0;
+    if (f_green < 0) f_green = 0;
+    if (f_blue < 0) f_blue = 0;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < PIXEL_NUM; i++)
+    {
+      pixel[i].r = f_red;
+      pixel[i].g = f_green;
+      pixel[i].b = f_blue;
+    }
+    ws2812_setleds((struct cRGB *)pixel, PIXEL_NUM);
+
+    delay(400 - random_avr() % d_delay);
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    counter = 0;
+  }
+
+}

code/config.h

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+/*
+ * ----------------------------------------
+ * ------ Configuration Options -----------
+ * ----------------------------------------
+ */
+
+
+
+int on_val = 400; //LDR Value below that to switch the Light on
+int off_val = 500;  //LDR Value above that to switch the Light off
+unsigned long max_on_time = 666666;  // Calculation: ('on_time_in_minutes' * 60) / 0.027
+                                  //Example: 5h (=300min) ON-time: max_on_time = (300 * 60) / 0.027 = 666666
+#define PIXEL_NUM 3 //Ammount of WS2812 LEDs
+
+/*
+ * ----------------------------------------
+ * ---------- Colour Settings -------------
+ * ----------------------------------------
+ */
+
+//----------- Flickering Effect -----------
+//Default Colours
+int red = 255;
+int green = 70;
+int blue = 20;
+
+//  Purple flame:
+    //  int red = 158, green = 8, blue = 148;
+//  Green flame:
+    //int red = 74, green = 150, blue = 12;
+
+int indensity = 40; // Maximum Flickering offset
+int d_delay = 300; // Maximum Delay offset
+
+
+// ----- colour after timeout ----
+// This is the Colour with which the leds light up, after the timeout (max_on_time) is reached until it gets light again
+// If you want it to be off, set all values to 0
+int timeout_red = 0;
+int timeout_green = 0;
+int timeout_blue = 5;
+
+
+// ------ color throughout the day -------
+// This is the Colour with which the leds light up, when the LDR detects daylight
+int day_red = 0;
+int day_green = 0;
+int day_blue = 0;
+
+
+
+
+/*
+ * ----------------------------------------
+ * ---------------- Pins ------------------
+ * ----------------------------------------
+ */
+ 
+#define LDR_pin A3
+// Pin Defintion for LEDs in the light_ws2812.h File as "ws2812_pin" variable
+
+
+/*
+ * ----------------------------------------
+ * ---------- End of config ---------------
+ * ----------------------------------------
+ */

code/light_ws2812.c

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+/*
+* light weight WS2812 lib V2.0b
+*
+* Controls WS2811/WS2812/WS2812B RGB-LEDs
+* Author: Tim (cpldcpu@gmail.com)
+*
+* Jan 18th, 2014  v2.0b Initial Version
+* Nov 29th, 2015  v2.3  Added SK6812RGBW support
+*
+* License: GNU GPL v2+ (see License.txt)
+*/
+
+#include "light_ws2812.h"
+#include <avr/interrupt.h>
+#include <avr/io.h>
+#include <util/delay.h>
+
+// Setleds for standard RGB
+void inline ws2812_setleds(struct cRGB *ledarray, uint16_t leds)
+{
+  ws2812_setleds_pin(ledarray, leds, _BV(ws2812_pin));
+}
+
+void inline ws2812_setleds_pin(struct cRGB *ledarray, uint16_t leds, uint8_t pinmask)
+{
+  ws2812_sendarray_mask((uint8_t *)ledarray, leds + leds + leds, pinmask);
+  _delay_us(ws2812_resettime);
+}
+
+// Setleds for SK6812RGBW
+void inline ws2812_setleds_rgbw(struct cRGBW *ledarray, uint16_t leds)
+{
+  ws2812_sendarray_mask((uint8_t *)ledarray, leds << 2, _BV(ws2812_pin));
+  _delay_us(ws2812_resettime);
+}
+
+void ws2812_sendarray(uint8_t *data, uint16_t datlen)
+{
+  ws2812_sendarray_mask(data, datlen, _BV(ws2812_pin));
+}
+
+/*
+  This routine writes an array of bytes with RGB values to the Dataout pin
+  using the fast 800kHz clockless WS2811/2812 protocol.
+*/
+
+// Timing in ns
+#define w_zeropulse 350
+#define w_onepulse 900
+#define w_totalperiod 1250
+
+// Fixed cycles used by the inner loop
+#define w_fixedlow 2
+#define w_fixedhigh 4
+#define w_fixedtotal 8
+
+// Insert NOPs to match the timing, if possible
+#define w_zerocycles (((F_CPU / 1000) * w_zeropulse) / 1000000)
+#define w_onecycles (((F_CPU / 1000) * w_onepulse + 500000) / 1000000)
+#define w_totalcycles (((F_CPU / 1000) * w_totalperiod + 500000) / 1000000)
+
+// w1 - nops between rising edge and falling edge - low
+#define w1 (w_zerocycles - w_fixedlow)
+// w2   nops between fe low and fe high
+#define w2 (w_onecycles - w_fixedhigh - w1)
+// w3   nops to complete loop
+#define w3 (w_totalcycles - w_fixedtotal - w1 - w2)
+
+#if w1 > 0
+#define w1_nops w1
+#else
+#define w1_nops 0
+#endif
+
+// The only critical timing parameter is the minimum pulse length of the "0"
+// Warn or throw error if this timing can not be met with current F_CPU settings.
+#define w_lowtime ((w1_nops + w_fixedlow) * 1000000) / (F_CPU / 1000)
+#if w_lowtime > 550
+#error "Light_ws2812: Sorry, the clock speed is too low. Did you set F_CPU correctly?"
+#elif w_lowtime > 450
+#warning "Light_ws2812: The timing is critical and may only work on WS2812B, not on WS2812(S)."
+#warning "Please consider a higher clockspeed, if possible"
+#endif
+
+#if w2 > 0
+#define w2_nops w2
+#else
+#define w2_nops 0
+#endif
+
+#if w3 > 0
+#define w3_nops w3
+#else
+#define w3_nops 0
+#endif
+
+#define w_nop1 "nop      \n\t"
+#define w_nop2 "rjmp .+0 \n\t"
+#define w_nop4 w_nop2 w_nop2
+#define w_nop8 w_nop4 w_nop4
+#define w_nop16 w_nop8 w_nop8
+
+void inline ws2812_sendarray_mask(uint8_t *data, uint16_t datlen, uint8_t maskhi)
+{
+  uint8_t curbyte, ctr, masklo;
+  uint8_t sreg_prev;
+
+  ws2812_DDRREG |= maskhi; // Enable output
+
+  masklo = ~maskhi & ws2812_PORTREG;
+  maskhi |= ws2812_PORTREG;
+
+  sreg_prev = SREG;
+  cli();
+
+  while (datlen--)
+  {
+    curbyte = *data++;
+
+    __asm volatile(
+        "       ldi   %0,8  \n\t"
+        "loop%=:            \n\t"
+        "       out   %2,%3 \n\t" //  '1' [01] '0' [01] - re
+#if (w1_nops & 1)
+        w_nop1
+#endif
+#if (w1_nops & 2)
+            w_nop2
+#endif
+#if (w1_nops & 4)
+                w_nop4
+#endif
+#if (w1_nops & 8)
+                    w_nop8
+#endif
+#if (w1_nops & 16)
+                        w_nop16
+#endif
+        "       sbrs  %1,7  \n\t" //  '1' [03] '0' [02]
+        "       out   %2,%4 \n\t" //  '1' [--] '0' [03] - fe-low
+        "       lsl   %1    \n\t" //  '1' [04] '0' [04]
+#if (w2_nops & 1)
+        w_nop1
+#endif
+#if (w2_nops & 2)
+            w_nop2
+#endif
+#if (w2_nops & 4)
+                w_nop4
+#endif
+#if (w2_nops & 8)
+                    w_nop8
+#endif
+#if (w2_nops & 16)
+                        w_nop16
+#endif
+        "       out   %2,%4 \n\t" //  '1' [+1] '0' [+1] - fe-high
+#if (w3_nops & 1)
+        w_nop1
+#endif
+#if (w3_nops & 2)
+            w_nop2
+#endif
+#if (w3_nops & 4)
+                w_nop4
+#endif
+#if (w3_nops & 8)
+                    w_nop8
+#endif
+#if (w3_nops & 16)
+                        w_nop16
+#endif
+
+        "       dec   %0    \n\t" //  '1' [+2] '0' [+2]
+        "       brne  loop%=\n\t" //  '1' [+3] '0' [+4]
+        : "=&d"(ctr)
+        : "r"(curbyte), "I"(_SFR_IO_ADDR(ws2812_PORTREG)), "r"(maskhi), "r"(masklo));
+  }
+
+  SREG = sreg_prev;
+}

code/light_ws2812.h

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+/*
+   light_ws2812_config.h
+
+   v2.4 - Nov 27, 2016
+
+   User Configuration file for the light_ws2812_lib
+
+*/
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Define I/O pin
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#define ws2812_port B // Data port
+#define ws2812_pin 0  // Data out pin
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Define Reset time in µs.
+//
+// This is the time the library spends waiting after writing the data.
+//
+// WS2813 needs 300 µs reset time
+// WS2812 and clones only need 50 µs <<<-----
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#define ws2812_resettime 50
+
+
+
+
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/* WS2812_CONFIG_H_ 
+ * light weight WS2812 lib include
+ *
+ * Version 2.3  - Nev 29th 2015
+ * Author: Tim (cpldcpu@gmail.com) 
+ *
+ * Please do not change this file!"
+ *
+ * License: GNU GPL v2+ (see License.txt)
+ *
+ */ 
+
+#ifndef LIGHT_WS2812_H_
+#define LIGHT_WS2812_H_
+
+#include <avr/io.h>
+#include <avr/interrupt.h>
+
+/*
+ *  Structure of the LED array
+ *
+ * cRGB:     RGB  for WS2812S/B/C/D, SK6812, SK6812Mini, SK6812WWA, APA104, APA106
+ * cRGBW:    RGBW for SK6812RGBW
+ */
+
+struct cRGB  { uint8_t g; uint8_t r; uint8_t b; };
+struct cRGBW { uint8_t g; uint8_t r; uint8_t b; uint8_t w;};
+
+
+
+/* User Interface
+ * 
+ * Input:
+ *         ledarray:           An array of GRB data describing the LED colors
+ *         number_of_leds:     The number of LEDs to write
+ *         pinmask (optional): Bitmask describing the output bin. e.g. _BV(PB0)
+ *
+ * The functions will perform the following actions:
+ *         - Set the data-out pin as output
+ *         - Send out the LED data 
+ *         - Wait 50µs to reset the LEDs
+ */
+
+void ws2812_setleds     (struct cRGB  *ledarray, uint16_t number_of_leds);
+void ws2812_setleds_pin (struct cRGB  *ledarray, uint16_t number_of_leds,uint8_t pinmask);
+void ws2812_setleds_rgbw(struct cRGBW *ledarray, uint16_t number_of_leds);
+
+/* 
+ * Old interface / Internal functions
+ *
+ * The functions take a byte-array and send to the data output as WS2812 bitstream.
+ * The length is the number of bytes to send - three per LED.
+ */
+
+void ws2812_sendarray     (uint8_t *array,uint16_t length);
+void ws2812_sendarray_mask(uint8_t *array,uint16_t length, uint8_t pinmask);
+
+
+/*
+ * Internal defines
+ */
+
+#define CONCAT(a, b)            a ## b
+#define CONCAT_EXP(a, b)   CONCAT(a, b)
+
+#define ws2812_PORTREG  CONCAT_EXP(PORT,ws2812_port)
+#define ws2812_DDRREG   CONCAT_EXP(DDR,ws2812_port)
+
+#endif /* LIGHT_WS2812_H_ */

code/random_avr.c

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+/**
+   Copyright (c) 2017, Łukasz Marcin Podkalicki <lpodkalicki@gmail.com>
+   Lightweight library of 16 bit random number generator based on LFSR.
+*/
+
+#include <avr/eeprom.h>
+#include "random_avr.h"
+
+static uint16_t random_number = 0;
+
+static uint16_t
+lfsr16_next(uint16_t n)
+{
+
+  return (n >> 0x01U) ^ (-(n & 0x01U) & 0xB400U);
+}
+
+void random_init(uint16_t seed)
+{
+#ifdef USE_RANDOM_SEED
+  random_number = lfsr16_next(eeprom_read_word((uint16_t *)RANDOM_SEED_ADDRESS) ^ seed);
+  eeprom_write_word((uint16_t *)0, random_number);
+#else
+  random_number = seed;
+#endif /* !USE_RANDOM_SEED */
+}
+
+uint16_t
+random_avr(void)
+{
+
+  return (random_number = lfsr16_next(random_number));
+}

code/random_avr.h

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+/*
+   Copyright (c) 2017, Łukasz Marcin Podkalicki <lpodkalicki@gmail.com>
+   Lightweight library of 16 bit random number generator based on LFSR.
+*/
+
+#ifndef _RANDOM_H_
+#define _RANDOM_H_
+
+#ifdef USE_RANDOM_SEED
+#define RANDOM_SEED_ADDRESS 0x00
+#endif /* !USE_RANDOM_SEED */
+
+void random_init(uint16_t seed);
+uint16_t random_avr(void);
+
+#endif /* !_RANDOM_H_ */